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Battle of Bound Brook
The Battle of Bound Brook (April 13, 1777) was a surprise attack conducted by British and Hessian forces against a Continental Army outpost at Bound Brook, New Jersey during the American Revolutionary War. The British objective of capturing the entire garrison was not met, although prisoners were taken. The American commander, Major General Benjamin Lincoln, left in great haste, abandoning papers and personal effects.
Late on the evening of April 12, 1777, four thousand British and Hessian troops under the command of Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis marched from the British stronghold of New Brunswick. All but one detachment reached positions surrounding the outpost before the battle began near daybreak the next morning. During the battle, most of the 500-man garrison escaped by the unblocked route. American reinforcements arrived in the afternoon, but not before the British plundered the outpost and began the return march to New Brunswick.
==Background==
(詳細はTrenton and Princeton in December 1776 and January 1777, the Continental Army of Major General George Washington entered winter quarters in Morristown, New Jersey, while the British and German forces of Lieutenant General William Howe settled into winter quarters in New York City and northeastern New Jersey.〔McGuire, pp. 6–8〕 Throughout the winter months, a guerrilla war of sorts went on, in which American militia companies, sometimes with Continental Army support, harassed British and German outposts and ambushed their foraging and raiding expeditions.〔McGuire, p. 17〕 One of the forward bases used for these operations was at Bound Brook, located on the Raritan River upriver from New Brunswick, the major British camp in New Jersey.〔McGuire, pp. 8, 20〕 The post was responsible for patrolling three bridges across the Raritan likely to be used by the British in moves against the main camp at Morristown.〔Davis, p. 6〕
In February 1777, the Bound Brook outpost consisted of 1,000 men under the command of Major General Benjamin Lincoln, but this was reduced by expiring militia enlistments to 500 in mid-March.〔Mattern, p. 37〕 The troops that remained were from the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment, a company from the 4th Continental Artillery, and two independent companies from the Wyoming Valley in what is now northeastern Pennsylvania, but was then also claimed by Connecticut as Westmoreland County.〔''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'', Volume 4, p. 458〕〔Boucher, p. 138〕〔Connecticut Historical Society, p. 263〕 Lincoln expressed concern over his exposed position to General Washington, noting that many units were not in a position to "render the least assistance to this post in case it is attacked", and that he was keeping wagons ready in case a precipitate departure was needed.〔 Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis, in command of the British forces in New Jersey, had had enough of the ongoing ''petite guerre'', and organized a reprisal action against the Bound Brook outpost.〔 According to the Hessian jäger Captain Johann Ewald, Cornwallis asked him to draft a plan of attack in February, but the plan could not be executed until springtime because it necessitated fording the Raritan.〔Ewald, p. 55〕 On the night of April 12, the plan was put into action.〔McGuire, p. 21〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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